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The primary purpose of the Jackson cross cylinder during refraction is to refine the cylinder power and axis. This specialized optical device consists of two cylindrical lenses that are oriented at right angles to each other. When used in conjunction with other refraction techniques, it helps the practitioner determine the precise cylindrical correction needed for astigmatism and to accurately identify the orientation of the cylinder axis.

By presenting different lens powers to the patient in one or both meridians, the Jackson cross cylinder allows for fine adjustments in vision correction. This process ensures that the patient receives the most accurate prescription possible, optimizing their visual acuity. The utility of the Jackson cross cylinder in achieving precise measurements is well-established in clinical practice, making it an essential tool in the refraction process for patients with astigmatism.