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The most common purpose of using argon lasers in ophthalmology is for retinal photocoagulation. This procedure is primarily used to treat various retinal conditions, such as diabetic retinopathy, retinal tears, and age-related macular degeneration. Argon lasers create a localized burn in the retinal tissue, which promotes the formation of scar tissue, thereby stabilizing the retina and preventing further damage or leakage from retinal vessels. The precision and effectiveness of argon lasers make them a critical tool in preserving vision for patients with these conditions.

Corneal reshaping involves procedures like LASIK, which typically utilize excimer lasers rather than argon lasers, making them less relevant for this function. Lens extraction commonly pertains to cataract surgery, where the lens is removed and usually replaced with an intraocular lens, again not involving argon lasers. Lastly, intraocular pressure reduction typically addresses conditions such as glaucoma through pharmacological or surgical interventions, rather than through the use of argon lasers. This emphasizes the specialized role of argon lasers for targeted retinal treatment, reinforcing its position as the most common application in ophthalmology.