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The primary purpose of the corneal epithelium is to protect the cornea. It serves as the first line of defense against environmental factors such as dust, microorganisms, and harmful substances, which could damage the underlying structures of the eye. The epithelial cells are tightly packed and form a barrier that prevents pathogens from penetrating deeper into the eye. Additionally, the epithelium plays a role in maintaining the integrity of the cornea by promoting wound healing after injury. This protective function is crucial for preserving clear vision, as any compromise to the cornea can lead to serious ocular issues.

While light refraction is indeed an essential function of the cornea, it is primarily the role of the corneal stroma and not the epithelium. Maintaining corneal shape involves the overall architecture of the cornea, supported by the stroma and endothelium, rather than the epithelial layer alone. Nutrient absorption is also not a primary function of the epithelium; instead, nutrients are obtained from the tears and the aqueous humor, facilitated by the endothelium.