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A retrobulbar injection involves delivering medication directly into the muscle cone, also known as the retrobulbar space, which is situated behind the eyeball within the orbit. This area contains important structures, including the optic nerve, the extraocular muscles, and various blood vessels.

The primary purpose of a retrobulbar injection is to provide localized anesthesia or to deliver medications for conditions affecting the posterior segment of the eye, such as retinal detachment or other intraocular procedures. By administering medication in this region, it allows for effective targeting of the optic nerve and surrounding structures while minimizing systemic absorption.

The other areas mentioned have specific characteristics and uses but are not the target space for a retrobulbar injection. The subconjunctival space is located underneath the conjunctiva and is used for different types of local injections, while the anterior chamber is the fluid-filled space located between the cornea and the iris, typically targeted in other injection techniques. The vitreous cavity is the space within the eye filled with vitreous humor and generally requires different methods for medication delivery.