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Intraocular pressure (IOP) is known to exhibit a diurnal variation, which means it can fluctuate throughout the day. Research indicates that IOP is typically highest in the morning. This phenomenon is thought to be due to several factors, including changes in fluid dynamics in the eye during sleep and the body’s circadian rhythms which affect the production and drainage of aqueous humor.

During the night, IOP can elevate due to decreased drainage of aqueous humor, and upon waking, this pressure may be even higher as the eye adjusts to the wakeful state. Hence, individuals often experience their peak IOP upon waking up in the morning. Monitoring IOP specifically at this time is crucial in clinical practice, especially for individuals with glaucoma, as elevated morning pressures can increase the risk of optic nerve damage.

Understanding this daily pattern is essential for eye care professionals when interpreting IOP readings and making treatment decisions for patients.